The Julio-Claudian dynasty would remain secure for another 17 years, until Nero’s suicide in 68. The Senate attempted to use the disastrous end of Caligula’s reign as a pretext to reestablish the Roman Republic, but Claudius, the heir designate, took the throne after gaining the support of the Praetorian Guard. Thus, Cassius Dio notes, Caligula “learned by actual experience that he was not a god.” Caligula was stabbed to death, along with his wife and daughter, by officers of the Praetorian Guard led by Cassius Chaerea. A conspiracy formed between the Praetorian Guard, the Senate and the equestrian order, and in late January of 41 A.D. He continued his childhood games of dress-up, donning strange clothing, women’s shoes and lavish accessories and wigs-eager, according to his biographer Cassius Dio, “to appear to be anything rather than a human being and an emperor.” Caligula’s DownfallĬaligula’s profligacy was draining the Roman treasury faster than he could replenish it through taxes and extortion. The First Triumvirate involved the Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus and was formed in 59 BC. Caesar also remarries once again to Calpurnia, the daughter of a leading member in the Popular faction. Caesar’s political alliance of the First Triumvirate had a major impact on the fall of the Roman Republic as it showed the senate had started to lose control. But he literally wallowed in luxury, allegedly rolling around in piles of money and drinking precious pearls dissolved in vinegar. The First Triumvirate was sealed with the marriage of Caesar’s daughter Julia to Pompey. He worked to accentuate his natural ugliness by practicing terrifying facial expressions in a mirror. Julius Caesar was a brilliant military general. Very little is known of Caesar’s childhood. Caligula was tall, pale and so hairy that he made it a capital offense to mention a goat in his presence. In 27 B.C., Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus was awarded the honorific title of Augustus by a decree of the Senate. His father was also named Gaius Julius Caesar, and his mother was called Aurelia Cotta.
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